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1.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 32(3): 283-289, May-June 2019.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002223

ABSTRACT

Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) has a high prevalence in the world. In addition to hepatic complications with cirrhosis in about 20% of patients and high risk for hepatocarcinoma, extrahepatic manifestations may also occur. Cardiac involvement in patients with CHC is associated with several factors, such as increased risk for coronary artery disease, primary cardiomyopathies, or hemodynamic and electrophysiological changes observed in liver cirrhosis. Furthermore, antiviral treatment may, in rare cases, causes cardiovascular adverse effects. Cardiac arrhythmias are the main form of clinical presentation, and, often, markers of poor prognosis in individuals with advanced liver disease. Although some mechanisms that justify these changes have already been reported, many questions remain unanswered, especially about the true involvement of the hepatitis C virus in the genesis of primary cardiac abnormalities, and the risk factors for cardiac-related complications of antiviral treatment


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hepatitis C, Chronic , Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology , Antiviral Agents/adverse effects , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Ribavirin/adverse effects , Coronary Artery Disease , Interferons/adverse effects , Interferons/therapeutic use , Drug Interactions , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/therapy , Liver Cirrhosis
2.
Prensa méd. argent ; 105(1): 16-23, mar 2019. graf, fig
Article in Spanish | BINACIS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1026319

ABSTRACT

En el presente trabajo se seleccionaron pacientes adultos HIV en tratamiento antirretroviral que contenían efavirenz de más de tres años de duración que hubieron tenido efectos adversos del sistema nervioso central iniciales, comprobando la desaparición completa de los mismos en el 94% de los pacientes evaluados al cabo de 36 meses de tratamiento. Se empleó como método el análisis observacional retrospectivo, utilizando una encuesta de valoración de frecuencia temporal de efectos adversos del sistema nervioso central. Se tuvieron en cuenta los siguientes: mareos: depresión; trastornos del sueño; pesadillas e ideación suicida. De los efectos adversos del sistema nervioso central investigados, los más frecuente fue pesadillas 100% y mareos 81%. Esta frecuencia decreciente hasta su desaparición, fortalece la hipótesis del "fenómeno de tolerancia" similar al observado con ciertas indolaminas, debido a que efavirenz presenta una similitud estructural con estas e interacciona con algunos receptores de la superfamilia de receptores de 5 hidroxitriptamina (5HT). Además las diferencias interindividuales de efectos adversos del SNC podrían estar dadas por las diferencias alélicas en citocromo p 450 que determinan niveles plasmáticos de metabólitos hidroxilados neurotóxicos


In the present study, adult HIV patients were selected on antiretroviral treatment that contained efavirenz for more than three years that had adverse effects on the initial central nervous system, proving their complete disappearance in 94% of the patients evaluated after 36 months of treatment. A retrospective observational analysis was used as a method, using a survey of temporal frequency assessment of adverse effects of the central nervous system. The following were taken into account: dizziness; anxiety; depression; sleep disorders; nightmares and suicidal ideation. Of the adverse effects of the central nervous system investigated, the most frequent was nightmares 100% and dizziness 81%. This decreasing frequency until its disappearance, strengthens the hypothesis of the "tolerance phenomenon" similar to that observed with certain indolamines, because efavirenz has a structural similarity with these and interacts with some receptors of the superfamily of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) receptors. In addition, the interindividual differences of CNS adverse effects could be due to allelic differences in cytochrome p 450 that determine plasma levels of neurotoxic hydroxylated metabolites.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Central Nervous System/drug effects , Retrospective Studies , HIV/drug effects , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/therapy , Time-to-Treatment , Efavirenz, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination/adverse effects
3.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2017. 121 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1411306

ABSTRACT

Introdução: interação medicamentosa é caracterizada pela alteração da ação de um medicamento, causada pela administração concomitante ou anterior de outro, podendo potencializar ou diminuir a resposta terapêutica esperada. Esta interação pode causar dano ao paciente, por isso deve ser prevenida, caso contrário, o profissional de saúde deve conhecer as possíveis repercussões clínicas decorrentes destas interações. Objeto: potenciais interações medicamentosas e suas respectivas repercussões clínicas no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. Objetivos: mapear as potenciais interações a partir dos medicamentos identificados nas prescrições; descrever as principais repercussões clínicas provenientes das interações medicamentosas mapeadas; analisar as variáveis relacionadas ao perfil do paciente e medicamentos com a ocorrência das potenciais interações medicamentosas; discutir medidas de segurança e mitigação das interações medicamentosas e suas repercussões clínicas alinhadas as boas práticas para um cuidado seguro. Metodologia: estudo quantitativo, descritivo- exploratório, com tipologia retrospectiva e delineamento transversal, mediado pela análise documental. O cenário foi uma unidade pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca de um hospital da rede estadual, situado no município do Rio de Janeiro. Amostra: 133 prontuários e prescrições de pacientes internados entre março e agosto de 2016, sendo sempre a prescrição do primeiro dia de internação. Critérios de inclusão: prescrições de pacientes adultos, internados no período de março-agosto de 2016. Critérios de exclusão: prescrições medicamentosas ilegíveis, sem o nome completo do paciente, data e/ou sem registro do profissional médico. Ferramentas utilizadas: para a compilação dos dados e análise estatística descritiva foi utilizado o Software Microsoft® Excel®, para análise das potenciais interações medicamentosas e suas repercussões clínicas o Software Micromedex® Solutions e para a análise das variáveis associadas à interação medicamentosa o Software Epi Info 7.O estudo atende a Resolução 466/12 e ao código de ética de enfermagem, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery/ Hospital Escola São Francisco de Assis sobe o parecer 1.547.601 de 17 de maio de 2016, CAAE: 54163416.9.0000.5238 e do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Instituto Estadual de Cardiologia Aloysio de Castro sobe o parecer: 1.609.808 de 28 de junho de 2016, CAAE: 54163416.9.2001.5265. Resultados/Discussão: dos 133 prontuários/prescrições, constatou-se que 60% dos pacientes são idosos, com tempo de internação igual a 15,3 ±10,8 dias. O diagnóstico de internação mais prevalente foi o pós- operatório de Revascularização do Miocárdio (n=56), e a comorbidade associada com maior frequência foi a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (n=107). Foram prescritas 2062 doses, derivadas de 85 tipos de medicamentos, 25 classes medicamentosas e média de 7,2 ±2,5 medicamentos prescritos por paciente, o que configura a polifarmácia. O medicamento com maior prevalência é a Dipirona (n=271) e a classe dos analgésicos (n=361), o que evidência uma característica do setor do pós-operatório, que é o alívio da dor. Foram identificadas três vias de administração, são elas: via intravenosa (n=1316), via oral (n=578) e subcutânea (n=168). O horário com mais doses aprazadas foi o das 6h (n=446). Foram identificadas 96 potenciais interações medicamentosas, 48 por via intravenosa, 48 por via oral e nenhuma por via subcutânea. Estas interações estavam presentes em 51 prescrições. 66 classificadas como graves e 30 moderadas. O horário das 6h apresentou 32 potenciais interações. O par de interação com maior prevalência foi Bromoprida/Tramal® por via intravenosa (n=26), uma interação grave, sendo a sua principal repercussão clínica a potencialização do efeito sedativo do paciente, essa repercussão é decorrente da associação entre a Bromoprida e um analgésico do tipo opioide, neste caso o Tramal®. Visto que o nível de documentação desta interação é razoável, confirma o fato de existirem poucos estudos experimentas e de evidência forte. AAS/Clopidogrel (n=21) por via oral, interação grave e o risco de sangramento é sua principal repercussão clínica. Após a realização do teste χ2 de associação, foi confirmada que a polifarmácia está associada a ocorrência das potenciais interações medicamentosas, onde o p valor foi igual a 0,0000001. Dado ratificador que a polifarmácia. Conclusão: Concluímos que o mapeamento prévio das prescrições possibilita a caracterização da terapêutica medicamentosa, corroborando para conhecimento das potenciais interações medicamentosas e suas repercussões clínicas. Portanto, quando uma interação medicamentosa ocorre, ter este conhecimento auxilia na identificação e intervenção, minimizando o dano ao paciente, contribuindo para qualidade da assistência e para segurança do paciente.


Introduction: drug interactions is characterized by the change in action of a drug, caused of concomitant or previous administration of another, increasing or decreasing the expected therapeutic response. These interactions can be harmful to the patient, so it must be prevented, otherwise, the health professional must know the potential clinical repercussions of these interactions. Object: potential drugs interactions and the respective clinical repercussions in postoperative of cardiac surgery. Objectives: mapping of potential interactions from drugs identified in prescriptions; describe the main clinical repercussions from the drug interactions mapped; analyze the variables related to the patient's profile and drugs by the occurrence of potential drug interactions; discuss security measures and mitigation of drug interactions and the clinical repercussions for a health care. Methodology: quantitative, descriptive and exploratory study, with retrospective typology and transversal, mediated by documentary analysis. The scenario was a postoperative cardiac surgery unit in a public hospital of Rio de Janeiro. Sample: 133 medical records and prescriptions of patients admitted between March and August 2016, always the first day of hospitalization prescription. Inclusion requires: adult patient prescriptions admitted between march and august 2016. Exclusion requires: unreadable drug prescriptions, without patient's full name, date or the registration of medical professional. Tools used: for the data compilation and descriptive statistical analysis was used the software Microsoft Excel, for the potential drug interactions and clinical repercussions analysis the software Micromedex Solutions, and the analysis of variables associated with drug interaction the software Epi Info 7. This study complies the Resolução 466/12 and the code of nursing ethics, approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery/ Hospital Escola São Francisco de Assis under advice 1.547.601 of May 17th, 2016, CAAE: 54163416.9.2001.5265.Result/Discussion: of 133 medical records/prescription, verified that 60% of patients are elderly people, hospitalized for 15,3 ± 10,8 days. The most prevalent hospitalization diagnosis was postoperative of myocardial revascularization (n=56), and the comorbidity associated with higher frequency was systemic arterial hypertension (n=107). Were prescribed 2062 doses, derived from 85 types of drug, 25 classes of drugs and average 7,2 ±2,5 drugs prescribed for each patient, which constitutes polypharmacy. The most prevalent drug is Dipirona (n=271) and the analgesic classes (n=361), wich shows a characteristic of postoperative. Three administration routes were identified: intravenous (n=1316), oral (n=578) and subcutaneous (n=168). The schedule with more doses was at 6 a.m. (n=446). Were identified 96 potential drug interaction: 48 intravenous, 48oral and none subcutaneous. These interactions were present at 51 prescription. 66 classified as severe and 30 as moderate. In schedule at 6 a.m. was identified 32 potential interactions. The interaction pair with higher prevalence was Bromoprida/Tramal by intravenous (n=26), severe interaction, as main clinical repercussion the increase of sedative effect on patient, this repercussion is due to the combination between Bromoprida and any opioid analgesic, in that case Tramal. Since the level of documentation of this interaction is reasonable, confirms that there are few experimental studies and of strong evidence. AAS/Clopidogrel (n=21) by oral, severe interaction risk of bleeding is the main clinical repercussion. After the test χ2 of combination, confirmed that polypharmacy is associated with the occurrance of potential drug interactions, the p value is 0,0000001. Conclusion: we conclude that the previous mapping of the prescriptions allows the characterization of drug therapeutic, corroborating to the knowledge of potential drug interactions and their clinical repercussions. Therefore, when a drug interaction occurs, this knowledge assists in identifying and intervening, minimizing patient harm, contributing to the quality of care and patient safety.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Thoracic Surgical Procedures , Delivery of Health Care , Drug Interactions , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Prescription Drugs , Patient Safety , Patient Care Team , Postoperative Period , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Comorbidity , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/prevention & control , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/therapy , Prescription Drugs/therapeutic use , Heart Diseases/diagnosis
4.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 28(4): 0-0, oct.-dic. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-769465

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: describir las reacciones producidas por la ozonoterapia durante la aplicación de la estrategia cubana para pacientes portadores de retinosis pigmentaria. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal, retrospectivo en 6 414 pacientes portadores de retinosis pigmentaria, atendidos en el Centro Internacional de Retinosis Pigmentaria Camilo Cienfuegos, a quienes se les aplicó ozonoterapia como parte de la estrategia cubana multiterapéutica de control para pacientes portadores de esta enfermedad. En un grupo de pacientes se aplicaron 10 sesiones de autohemoterapia mayor y en otro grupo se administraron 10 sesiones por insuflación rectal. Para la aplicación de la ozonoterapia se utilizó un equipo Ozomed. Los datos estadísticos se analizaron y compararon usando la prueba t de Student. Se consideró p< 0,05 como significación estadística. Resultados: se observaron reacciones adversas en 28 pacientes; de ellos, 5 recibieron ozono por insuflación rectal y 23 por autohemoterapia mayor. Se observaron 4 pacientes con náuseas, 6 con sensación de estómago repleto, 5 con euforia, 1 con fatiga inusual y 1 con sabor metálico bucal. Esto representa el 0,004 por ciento de la muestra estudiada. Conclusión: la ozonoterapia demuestra ser un tratamiento médico muy seguro e inocuo en pacientes con retinosis pigmentaria(AU)


Objective: to describe adverse reactions of ozone therapy after the Cuban strategy for patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Methods: a retrospective, longitudinal and descriptive study was conducted in 6 414 patients with retinitis pigmentosa seen at Camilo Cienfuegos International Center of Retinitis Pigmentosa. They had been treated with ozone therapy as part of the Cuban multi-therapy strategy for management of these patients. A group of patients received ten applications of major autohemotherapy whereas another group was administered 10 ozone sessions through rectal insufflation. The Ozomed machine was the choice for ozone therapy. Student's test was used to analyze and to compare statistical data. Significant statistical index was p< 0,05. Results: twenty eight patients were found to have adverse reactions, 5 of them under rectal insufflation and 23 in the major autohemotherapy group. There were observed 4 patients with nauseas, 6 with stomach bloating, 5 with euphoria, one with unusual fatigue and one with strange metallic taste. This represented 0,004 percent in this sample. Conclusion: the ozone therapy has been found to be an extremely safe medical therapy in patients with retinitis pigmentosa(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Autohemotherapy/statistics & numerical data , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/therapy , Insufflation/statistics & numerical data , Ozone/administration & dosage , Retinitis Pigmentosa/diagnosis , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Longitudinal Studies , Retrospective Studies
5.
Acta cir. bras ; 30(11): 720-726, Nov. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-767599

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate hemodynamic changes caused by sole intravenous infusion of lipid emulsion with doses recommended for treatment of drug-related toxicity. METHODS: Large White pigs underwent general anesthesia, tracheal intubation was performed, and mechanical ventilation was instituted. Hemodynamic variables were recorded using invasive blood pressure and pulmonary artery catheterization. Baseline hemodynamic measurements were obtained after a 30-minute stabilization period. An intravenous bolus injection of 20% lipid emulsion at 1.5 ml/kg was administered. Additional hemodynamic measurements were made after 1 minute, followed by a continuous intravenous lipid infusion of 0.25 ml/kg/min. Further measurements were carried out at 10, 20 and 30 minutes, when the infusion was doubled to 0.5 ml/kg/min. Assessment of hemodynamic changes were then made at 40, 50 and 60 minutes. RESULTS: Lipid infusion did not influence cardiac output or heart rate, but caused an increase in arterial blood pressure, mainly pulmonary blood pressure due to increased vascular resistance. Ventricular systolic stroke work consequently increased with greater repercussions on the right ventricle. CONCLUSION: In doses used for drug-related toxicity, lipid emulsion cause significant hemodynamic changes with hypertension, particularly in the pulmonary circulation and increase in vascular resistance, which is a factor to consider prior to use of these solutions.


Subject(s)
Animals , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/therapy , Fat Emulsions, Intravenous/pharmacology , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Body Weight , Disease Models, Animal , Heart Ventricles/drug effects , Hemodynamics/physiology , Infusions, Intravenous , Reference Values , Swine , Time Factors
6.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 27(3): 387-391, jul.-set. 2012. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-668137

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: O início do tratamento da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS) com a terapia antirretroviral de alta atividade (HAART), na década de 1990, aumentou, consideravelmente, a longevidade e a qualidade de vida dos portadores da doença. A redução da morbidade e da mortalidade associadas a doenças infecciosas e neoplásicas oportunistas, porém, tem sido acompanhada pelo aumento da prevalência de outras doenças, entre elas a lipodistrofia associada ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). A lipodistrofia decorre da toxicidade de drogas utilizadas na terapia antirretroviral, sendo atribuída aos inibidores de protease e aos inibidores da transcriptase reversa análogos do nucleosídeo. Este trabalho aborda a lipoatrofia facial, que confere um aspecto de envelhecimento precoce e traz de volta o velho estigma da "facies da AIDS", podendo impactar negativamente na qualidade de vida dos portadores de HIV. MÉTODO: Neste estudo foram incluídos 41 pacientes apresentando lipoatrofia facial, que foram submetidos a preenchimento com polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA) no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (HU-UFJF) e na clínica Plastic Center, Clínica de Cirurgia Plástica em Juiz de Fora, no período entre janeiro de 2010 e fevereiro de 2012. RESULTADOS: O número de procedimentos realizados em cada paciente variou de 1 a 4, sendo respeitado um intervalo mínimo de 90 dias entre eles. A quantidade de PMMA utilizado variou de acordo com o grau e a região a serem corrigidos, ficando entre 3 ml e 18 ml por procedimento. Em todos os pacientes, o resultado obtido foi favorável esteticamente. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados obtidos pela bioplastia com PMMA foram considerados satisfatórios pelos pacientes. O material utilizado possui alta adaptabilidade às áreas receptoras, necessitando apenas da modelagem e da quantidade adequada para que apresente bom padrão estético.


BACKGROUND: When the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) began in the 1990s, it considerably increased the life expectancy and quality of life of AIDS patients. However, the decrease in morbidity and mortality associated with opportunistic infectious and neoplastic diseases was accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of other diseases, including HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Lipodystrophy is due to the toxicity of drugs used in antiretroviral therapy, including protease inhibitors and nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors. This article discusses the treatment of facial lipodystrophy, which confers an appearance of premature aging and brings back the old stigma of the "AIDS face," which negatively impacts the quality of life of HIV carriers. METHODS: Forty-one patients with facial lipoatrophy received filling with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) at the Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (HU-UFJF) and at the Plastic Center Clinic, Plastic Surgery Clinic in Juiz de Fora between January 2010 and February 2012. RESULTS: Patients received 1 to 4 procedures with a minimum interval of 90 days between procedures. The amount of PMMA used ranged from 3 to 18 mL per procedure according to the degree and region to be corrected. The results were aesthetically favorable in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained through bioplasty with PMMA are considered satisfactory by patients. The material used is highly adaptable to the receiving areas, requiring only modeling and an adequate amount in order to obtain good aesthetic results.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , History, 21st Century , Surgery, Plastic , Aging , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , HIV , Polymethyl Methacrylate , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Lipid Metabolism , Face , Lipodystrophy , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Aging/drug effects , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/therapy , Polymethyl Methacrylate/therapeutic use , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods , HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome/surgery , HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome/therapy , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/therapy , Lipid Metabolism/physiology , Face/surgery , Lipodystrophy/surgery , Lipodystrophy/drug therapy
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